Delamere's Cursed Armor is a magic Leather Armor in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. You gain resistance to bludgeoning damage equal to 1 + the value of the armor’s potency rune for medium armor, or 2 + the value of the armor’s potency rune for heavy armor. Drake Brimstone wrote: Leaf armor is always Masterwork and is identical to Studded Leather armor except it contains no metal. Ranged attack rolls use Dexterity as their ability modifier. Light Armor. 20. A Rogue only gets master in light armor at 17th level. This +1 shadow leather armor causes the wearer’s skin to warp and distort into a welter of horrid scarification. It’s easier to wear than normal metal armor, reducing the Strength score necessary. This large, thick cloak is fitted with thin strips of metal at key locations along its length. Four-mirror armor is worn over chainmail to provide added protection, and comes with a spiked helmet with a chainmail hood. Lamellar (Leather) Eastern Light Armor. And all of them have fully customizable. These include all light plates, pelts and chain armor available for characters to equip. Armor Potency (+1) Item 5 Source Core Rulebook pg. Being made of metal also allows the chain shirt to by made from various special materials. . Armor Bonus +8. The Sentinel archetype has a skill feat. Aura faint transmutation; CL 5th; Weight 15 lbs. ; Aura moderate enchantment. Weight. 0a, rather than the GNU Free Documentation License 1. The wearer receives a +5 competence. 0 Armor increases your character’s defenses, but some medium or heavy armor can hamper movement. Studded leather: 25 gp +3 +5 –1: 15%: 30 ft. The Rogue’s biggest problem is that they frequently cease functioning when. /20 ft. ; Price 137,650 gp. Drow spidersilk armor was a lightweight chainmail that was made out of a type of gray fabric that could pass for a simple item of clothing. 10. +1d6 sneak attack and you can get accomplished sneak attack for a total of +2d6 for ray spells. Though leather and iron are the most common materials for creating armor and weapons, artisans in fantasy worlds can have access to a wide variety of crafting materials. The wearer of this armor is immune to the paralytic touch of ghouls, ghasts, and lacedons. Leather. 36 $ 7. Price 8,575 gp; Slot armor; CL 6th; Weight 20 lbs. Trailblazer's Armor Information. Parade armor is from Adventurer’s Armory, apparently, but also appears in the PFSRD in the Armor Section. Leather lamellar is a composite armor made of small rectangular pieces of lacquered leather laced together with high-quality cord. +5, which is typically standard. All of the following are class features of the ranger. Either way, they can gain the benefits of resting only once every 24 hours. Leather armor is made up of. Leaf Armor by it's very designation, can not be further modified by making it "darkleaf". Digital download. 63 (50% off) Portrait of a fantasy dark elf female warrior with long white hair wearing leather armor . Pardon the dust. Ha, I forgot about this when I was building my first halfling rogue. Slick armor seems coated at all times with a slightly greasy oil. This extremely light chain shirt is made of very fine mithral links. This supple material offers as much protection as leather, but is more flexible and resistant to electricity. « search Items list. : A Champion gets master in heavy armor at 13th level, and legendary at 17th. 275 4. An iconic and important part of any party, the Rogue is an iconic Scout and Striker, but can also serve as the party’s Face. +3 leather armor, fire resistance 10 and acid resistance 10, cast Poison 2/day (caster level 5) 2: Eel's Circlet (circlet) +4 enhancement bonus to Int, cast Lightning Bolt at will (caster level 5) Vest of Mirrors +3 leather armor, +4 rounds of Bardic Performance/day (if you have the ability), cast Displacement 3/day: 3: Python Skin DoubletIf the robe gives you an "armor bonus" it will not stack with armor, if the robe gives you a "natural armor" or "deflection" or "dodge" or well, anything but "armor bonus" it will stack. Don Hastily: This column tells how long it takes to put the armor on in a hurry. This leather armor is reinforced with metal studs and sometimes small metal plates, providing most of the flexibility of leather armor with more robust protection. Arcane Spell Failure Chance 25%; Speed 20 ft. UO Blake Off-The-Shoulder Mini Dress. ; Aura strong conjuration. Lamellar is bands of material. 2+3 Enhancement. It has a maximum Dexterity bonus to AC of +8 and imposes no chance of arcane spell. Trackless armor lightens the wearer’s step and camouflages his appearance. On command, the armor makes its wearer ethereal (as the ethereal jaunt. There are instances where wearing full plate armor can jeopardize a Hell Knight’s life. Moondragon Starshadow wrote: Page 49 of the core rule book states ". It also grants the wielder a +2 bonus on caster level checks made to overcome spell resistance. Armor Specialization Effects Source Core Rulebook pg. The thick second skin of the armor disperses blunt force to reduce bludgeoning damage. While wearing this armor, you gain a +1 bonus to AC. You gain resistance to bludgeoning damage equal to 1 + the value of the. 0. Weighs less than +1 leather armor same arcane spell failure same max dex bonus of +6 both have no armor check penalty And the +1 leather armor costs more by 60 gold pieces. /15 ft. Only those proficient in the armor’s use know. Humans, elves, half-elves, and halforcs have an unencumbered speed of 30 feet. The armor has an arcane spell failure chance of 10%, a maximum Dexterity bonus of +6, and no armor check penalty. Armor Bonus +8. These are the best pieces of armor to be on the lookout for in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. 0. Banded Mail 10/30 Breastplate 10/30 Chain Shirt 10/30 Chain Mail 10/30 Full Plate 10/30 Half. Most suits of armor and weapons are made from ordinary, commonly available materials like iron, leather, steel, and wood. However, studded leather armor in Pathfinder emphasizes the leather: Padded Torso Armor Piece: This shirt or jacket is made of heavy or quilted cloth. Jan 1, 2014, 09:34 am. STEP 3: Crafting Skill Check. Explorer’s Clothing: Where every Dexterity-based build wants to end up. Armor Class is divided into two categories: Energy Armor Class (EAC) and Kinetic Armor Class (KAC). You gain a +1 item bonus to Acrobatics checks to Escape and Squeeze. Type light armor; Price 2 gp. Weapons, armor and some other items can sometimes be crafted using materials that possess innate special properties. Armor Bonus +4; Max Dex Bonus +3; Armor Check Penalty-2 Arcane Spell Failure Chance 20%; Speed 20 ft. 15 lbs. A normal sword becomes a masterwork sword, a suit of leather armor becomes a masterwork suit of leather armor, a set of thieves’ tools becomes masterwork thieves’ tools, and so on. Wrought out of an extremely hard, black metal, this coveted armor has saved many lives. Weight. 500. Price +1 bonus; Aura strong evocation and varies; CL 12th; Weight —. 275 4. Worn almost exclusively by high-ranking samurai, o-yoroi—or "great armor"—is a heavy combat armor that consists of various supplementary components that include both plate and lamellar elements. 10 + Armor Bonus + Dex mod + Size Mode + etc. 5 Ruleset of Dungeons and Dragons. Your Level. So, would Darkleaf Leaf armor cost 1100g (500 + (750 - 150)) or 1250g (500 + 750) As it says in the Darkleaf description. What's more steadfast as defense are pieces of cow leather draped over. The calculation is just 10 + all the bonuses you listed. 0 Price 160 gp Craft Requirements You are an expert in Crafting. CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS. Aura strong transmutation; CL 13th Weight 15 lbs. If you’re not sure what a suit of armor is made of, the GM determines the details. Arcane Spell Failure Chance 15%; Speed 30 ft. This +5 leather armor allows its wearer to cast divine favor 3 times per day as a 9th-level cleric. Studded leather armor that consists of pants and a pauldron isn't going to give you any less ac. You can make leather armor out of dragonhide, wooden armor out of darkwood, and metal armor out of any precious materials except for darkwood. When you take Rush Crafting, you have to decide on your approach to the job, from Trained to Legendary, which is limited by your proficiency. The following archetypes represent fully inducted members of a Hellknight order. Glamoured Studded Leather. DESCRIPTION. Leather Armor +2: Corpse in Hidden area behind Witch's Hut: 1: Recipe: Shepherd's Pie: Loot Old Beldame (or buy) 1: Cypress Queen Flower: Bottom right corner near scythe tree. ; Price 32,350 gp. Leather, hide, or studded leather armor can be produced with eel hide. A character’s encumbrance (the amount of gear carried, including armor) may. (1. Hide armor is made from the tanned skin of particularly thick-hided beasts, stitched with either multiple overlapping layers of crude leather or exterior pieces of leather stuffed with padding or fur. Leather: Unless you completely dumped Strength, this is a good starting armor for Dexterity-based builds. While these modifications add to the price (and often the weight) of the modified armor, customized gear can prove its worth on the battlefield. The main difference in armour if when which class gets which proficiency increase. Most mithral armors are one category lighter than normal for the purposes of. Every day the armor grows dozens of unusual mushrooms that can be used for cooking, infused. Main Page; All Pages; Interactive Maps;. It has a maximum Dexterity bonus of +8, an armor check penalty of –2, and an arcane spell failure chance of 15%. Mithral armor is 1 Bulk lighter than normal (or light Bulk if its normal Bulk is 1, with no effect on armor that normally has light Bulk). DESCRIPTION. ; Price 12,160 gp. A specific magic armor lists its fundamental runes, which you can upgrade, add, or transfer as normal. When a critical hit or sneak attack is scored on the wearer, there is a chance that the critical hit or sneak attack is. /15 ft. It also grants the wielder a +2 bonus on caster level checks made. 3 Answers. These include all light plates, pelts and chain armor available for characters to equip. $3. Armor Bonus +4; Max Dex Bonus +4; Armor Check Penalty-3 Arcane Spell Failure Chance 20%; Speed 20 ft. 3. Leather Barding is a Light Armor equipment in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. The most common Craft skills are alchemy, armor, baskets, books, bows, calligraphy, carpentry. Light Armor Cost 850 gp; Weight 4 lbs. As a side note, mithril armor for an animal is going to be ridiculously expensive. These include all light plates, pelts and chain armor available for characters to equip. You gain resistance to bludgeoning damage equal to 1 + the value of the. It is covered by the Open Game License v1. A few things are keeping your characters safe from certain death in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. The only “official” material described in the SRD is silver. Wayfarer's Comfort is a magic Leather Armor in Pathfinder: Kingmaker. As an immediate action, the wearer can change the armor into heavy plate that blocks slashing attacks (DR. Item 19. Padded armor is easier to damage and destroy than other types of armor. ; most of those are unreliable. Ghost Leather +3-Greater Invisibility for 2 rounds when struck in combat: Armag's Tomb: Oak's Pelt +3-+5 natural armor class: Goblin Merchant: Python Skin Doublet +4-+4 bonus to saves vs. Lamellar is a type of armor in which small plates of various types of materials are strung together in parallel rows using fine cord. r grisantian pelt, high-grade grisantian hide object LOMM. Click on that. A spell storing weapon allows a spellcaster to store a single targeted spell of up to 3rd level in the weapon. DESCRIPTION. Archives of Nethys Weapons | Armor | Special Materials | MiscellaneousArms and Armor. 274 4. Lamellar is a type of armor in which small plates of various types of materials are strung together in parallel rows using fine cord. /15 ft. Summary. . Sold by Skeletal Salesman (T3, Large) Imperial Jaeger +5With light armor, it takes 1 minute to suit up, whereas it takes only 1 action to cast Mage Armor. If you don't have any proficiency you have to take light, then medium, then heavy. The wearer of a locust cuirass can take 10 on Acrobatics checks to jump even if distracted or. Your class gives you proficiency with certain types of armor. ; Price 5,165 gp. View all grimoires. 1. While not nearly as protective as heavier armors, the armored coat allows the wearer to blend in more aesthetically during civilian functions. 00 for just $39. Tinted using rare dyes, this leather suit gives its wearer a ghostly appearance in areas of dim light or darker. So the challenge with this question is that it's not just about classes but also about resources expended. The item is made of a special material. I had it set on. The wearer suffers only half damage from vermin swarms and gains a +2 resistance bonus on saving throws against the extraordinary. Armor can be obtained through progressing in the game, completing quests, defeating enemies and speaking to different NPCs. Leather Barding +1 is a Light Armor equipment in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Natural Armor stacks with your equipped armor like that studded leather or full plate that you're wearing. Made from tough but flexible leather, studded leather is reinforced with close-set rivets or spikes. Although not as sturdy as metal armor, the flexibility it allows wearers makes it among the most widely used types of armor. /20. gg. Armor can refer to either Equipment or Outfits (this page). The spikes count as a martial weapon. Category light Proficiency martial. In real brigandine armor, the studs hold metal plates in place beneath the leather, and the protection is mostly from the metal plates. poison, paralysis and sleep Immune to trip 2/day: Touch of Slime: Tirval - level 3 armour: Sage Armor +5-+2 dodge AC bonus when under the effects of a. Heightened Spells: Heightening spells is an important mechanic in Pathfinder 2e. Armor Bonus +3; Max Dex Bonus +5; Armor Check Penalty 0. Price 70,000 gp. DESCRIPTION. You can also do (r) for reaction, and (f) for free action. DESCRIPTION. Like other suits of armor, the armored coat is. Only those proficient in the armor’s use know how to wear it effectively, however. Strength. Certain class features can grant you additional benefits with certain armors. Leather Armor Nightingale Chest Back & Shoulders Medieval Gothic cuirass breastplate Cosplay armor LARP armor Rogue armor Thief armor armour. 557 4. /20 ft. Rules as written no. Brazier of Commanding Fire Elementals. DESCRIPTION. Light armor: Padded: 5 gp +1 +8: 0: 5%: 30 ft. Arcane Spell Failure Chance 35%; Speed 20 ft. Cost 500 gp; Weight 20 lbs. Armor Specialization Effects Source Core Rulebook pg. The armor even gives the example of turning the leather armor into normal clothing which moves nothing similar to leather armor. Removing a shield from the arm and dropping it is only a move action. /20 ft. Table 11–4 below provides the Hardness, Hit Points, Broken Threshold, and example items for some types of common materials. Source Core Rulebook pg. If you want it to be heavy armor like it is in. This spell turns the suit of armor into an animated creature that fights beside you. Gain +5 enhancement to natural weapons while in Smilodon form. Haramaki is a Light Armor equipment in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. The armor choice kind of decided your dex cap, what materials you can use, and specific armors. Upon command, a suit of glamered armor changes shape and appearance to assume the form of a normal set of clothing. Aura no aura (non-magical); CL —; Weight 50 lbs. Aura moderate illusion and transmutation CL 10th Weight 15 lbs. Thanks for the reminder!The overlapping leather plates of this +2 lamellar cuirass ( Pathfinder RPG Ultimate Equipment 12) oddly feel more like insect chitin than the supple leather they are crafted from. /15 ft. Light Armor. 3, added Wandering Knight set and Netch Leather set to the DLC file >Fixed issues with soul ripper set, now the armor works as intended in 1st person, and gauntlets have a custom ground model ( in line with everything else ) >Added Soul Ripper Set in version 1. Cost 200 gp; Weight 30 lbs. Unless otherwise stated, the only thing that bonuses do not stack with is bonuses of the same type (armor, enhancement, etc. Price 12,000 gp per Bulk. Mithral Shirt. Leather laminar is a good light armor. Padded Source Ultimate Equipment pg. This is part of the 5e System Reference Document. Suits of armor made of precious materials are more expensive and sometimes grant special effects. Strength. Characters can usually buy and sell items only during downtime. Though it can also be used for cosmetic purposes. A custom, lightweight mail is fitted within the lining of a coat or similar apparel, physically hiding the armor while maintaining the wearer's fashion. Base Armor Studded Leather Armor. These modifications are added to mundane armor after. 4043. Each accessory contains its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. Leather: Your likely starting armor for Dexterity-based builds. In Pathfinder, there are multiple types of leather armor; these armors differ in protection levels and in the benefits they bestow upon those who wear them. An improved form of leather armor, studded leather armor is covered with dozens of metal protuberances. Leather armor would still have a 10% spell failure chance. A tabletop role-playing game community for everything related to Pathfinder Second Edition. The rest of the armor is made of softer and more flexible materials. It typically includes a chain shirt, leggings, a pair of arms, and a coif, collectively protecting most of the body. Wooden or Steel: Wooden and steel shields offer the same basic protection, though they respond differently to some spells and effects. Getting to the strength required for the armor removes the check penalty and removes 5ft of the speed penalty. Invincible armor shifts between three different appearances, but always weighs the same and protects as +2 impervious moderate fortification full plate. Armor Bonus +4; Max Dex Bonus +4; Armor Check Penalty -3 Arcane Spell Failure Chance 20%; Speed 20 ft. 0. 2. Source Core Rulebook pg. 0 Certain class features can grant you additional benefits with certain armors. ago. Dragonhide Plate. When it bonds with a host, via the roots embedding themselves into the host’s chest, the vines wrap around the host, extending to the upper arms and legs. Despite its sturdiness, its inflexibility and. This suit of +1 leather gives its wearer the ability to twist and contort her body in virtually any direction. Soothsayer’s Raiment. Each accessory contains its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. Description Source Adventurer's Armory 2. Leather. Being immune to curses while equipping this item won't protect you from Constitution penalty component. As shadow, except it grants a +15 competence bonus on Stealth checks. The infamous vigilante Blackjack of Korvosa wears a suit of black leather armor. Sell: 21000 Buy: 84000Celestial Armor. Performing Good alignment choice grants +10 Temporary Hit Points and removes Constitution penalty. Aura strong abjuration; CL 13th Weight 50 lbs. So if you can get 20 dex then do it. These include all light plates, pelts and chain armor available for characters to equip. Shield Bash Attacks: You can bash an opponent with a heavy shield. The case against: Assuming more-or-less equal access to all forms of light armor, there's no point to wearing studded leather if it is treated as metal. See full list on d20pfsrd. Thaumaturge Armor. As an undead character, Jaethal has no Constitution score and is therefore immune to this armor's drawback, though she will still be affected by the curse. And I think Light armors don't have an armor group/ specialization effect as part of the overall "balance/ nerf dex" strategy. This armor is simply a layer of heavy, quilted cloth, but it is sometimes used because it’s so inexpensive. Price 220 gp. Ghost Leather is a magic Leather Armor in Pathfinder: Kingmaker. gg/pathfinder2e or f. Armor Hardness/HP. 21,500. Leather Armor from Osrs. Weight: 45. Resilient Armor. This usually affects Armor Class (AC) stats. It increases its wearer's maximum HP by 20. /20 ft. You convert a non-masterwork item into its masterwork equivalent. This suit of leather armor is wrapped in special rose vines. This usually affects Armor Class (AC) stats. Primarily worn by Hell Knight sailors, this studded leather armor includes heavy gloves and a helm of. Damage to the armor is typically repaired by restitching gashes or adding new pieces of hide, giving the most heavily used suits a distinctively patchwork quality. It offers +4 AC for only –2 armor check penalty, it only costs 60 gp, and it isn’t made from metal. Leather Armor +5 is a Light Armor equipment in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. In addition to granting a +2 enhancement bonus to AC, it has a –1 armor check penalty and deals an additional 2d6 points of damage on any successful charge attack made by the wearer, including a mounted charge. Description. DESCRIPTION. Stanching. Armor crafted from creature's hides with. Armor Bonus. Fragment description: Leather Scrap covered in Ancient Runes Number of fragments: (Note: incomplete) Fragment locations: Swamp Ruins (near the entrance) Swamp Ruins (drops. While these modifications add to the price (and often the weight) of the modified armor, customized gear can prove its worth on the battlefield. Armor increases your character’s defenses, but some medium or heavy armor can hamper movement. Leather Armor (Legacy) Leather Armor. Light. You gain resistance to bludgeoning damage equal to 1 + the value of the armor’s potency rune for medium armor, or 2 + the value of the armor’s potency rune for heavy armor. Once per day, when the wearer is struck by a critical hit or sneak attack, he can choose to have his blood splatter across one of the. Leather: The thick second skin of the armor disperses blunt force to reduce bludgeoning damage. 0. Full of versatility and customization, Opulent Outfits is a fantastic mod that adds literally dozens of various mages robes and other Magic-themed light armor sets. This +3 breastplate is crafted from the carapace of a giant scarab beetle, enchanted to be as hard and reflective as polished steel. If you want to. Being immune to curses while equipping this item won't protect you from Constitution penalty component. The Open RPG Games industry has come together to create a mega-bundle to help, with all proceeds going to help Owen with those bills. Pathfinder Starfinder Roleplaying Game Subscriber. Bulk 1; Group —; Armor Traits —. Aura moderate transmutation; CL 9th; Weight 25 lbs. This +3 leather armor made from very light and delicate leather, increasing max dexterity bonus by 1 and decreasing arcane spell failure chance by 10%. Activate [two-actions] command, Interact Frequency once per hour; Effect You cast a 2nd-level shocking grasp. This +3 leather armor is made from very light and delicate leather, increasing max dexterity bonus by 1 and decreasing arcane spell failure chance by 10%. 2e Optimal AC(Armor+Dex) is 5/6 while in Pathfinder 1e was 9/10. Base Armor Studded Leather Armor. Arcane Spell Failure Chance 15%; Speed 30 ft. Use at your GM’s discretion. 12,000 gp per Bulk. Each accessory contains its unique defensive stats, effects, bonuses, skill checks, and more when they are equipped. A suit of armor or a shield with this property normally has a bluish, icy hue or is adorned with furs and shaggy pelts. ; Price 11,160 gp. Lamellar plates can be constructed from lacquered leather, horn, or even stone, though steel and heavier iron are most common. View all adventuring gear. Spiked Armor. 20 gp. It is considered light armor and allows the wearer to use fly on command (as the spell) once per day. 15 lbs. You can also use a bonus action to speak the armor's command word and cause the armor to assume the appearance of a normal set of clothing or some other kind of armor. Leather Armor +1: Near Half-Orc: Masterwork Greatsword: Half-Orc corpse:Source Core Rulebook pg. Armor Bonus +6; Max Dex Bonus +3; Armor Check Penalty -4. Armor is an equipable item that occupies the Body slot, and provides the wearer defensive bonuses during combat. Rogues are the line from which Scouts are measured, and their Trapfinding ability and affinity for stealth are fantastic. Welcome to Asgardian Armory. Normal, boiled leather armor offers the. Leather: The breastplate and shoulder protectors of this armor are made of leather that has been stiffened by being boiled in oil. The armor "assumes the appearance" of clothing/armor, it does not actually change its shape or size, only how it. Worn almost exclusively by high-ranking samurai, o-yoroi—or "great armor"—is a heavy combat armor that consists of various supplementary components that include both plate and lamellar elements. Plate: The sturdy plate provides no purchase for a cutting edge. Source Pathfinder #161: Belly of the Black Whale pg. On top of all the other arguments, heavy armor gives access to better rune properties for your armor. 4. These include all light plates, pelts and chain armor available for characters to equip. Pathfinder is a tabletop RPG based off of the 3. Sorted by: 2. The vines are bred to be extra strong, increasing the host’s natural. The Open RPG Games industry has come together to create a mega-bundle to help, with all proceeds going to help Owen with those bills. This plate armor is fashioned to make the wearer appear to be a demon. 5 Ruleset of Dungeons and Dragons. ) Don Hastily: This column tells how long it takes a character to put on the armor piece in a hurry. Your Armor Class (AC) is the minimum attack roll result that an opponent needs to hit you and deal damage. This morbid +1 hide armor is stitched from the flesh torn from the bodies of ghoul servants as a punishment for failing their masters in some manner. Dark Studded Leather Armor is a Light Armor equipment in Pathfinder: Wrath of the Righteous. Adamantine armor is an uncommon magical armor that offers a unique kind of protection for anyone lucky enough to pilfer one from an underground fortress filled with angry dwarves. Unless one has another dedication in mind it's worth a feat to save some stat points, though don't forget the necessity of having a. This Multi-Publisher mega-bundle includes more than 350 separate products, with a combined value of OVER $1,000. Cost 25 gp; Weight 20 lbs. Your planning, luck, the AI, etc. The two things the +1 leather armor has is less hardness only seven when +1 but they both have 20 hit points. Blunt trauma as a result of an impact against armor is certainly meatier. Ghoul hide with a resilient rune increases the resilient rune’s item bonus to saving. Like Skyrim’s leather armor, the armors in Pathfinder are quite detailed, and only those with experience should attempt them. Leather Armor. Read on to find out why the Studded Leather Armor +3 is ideal for Rogues! Why Studded Leather Armor +3 is great. Royal Guardian is a magic Studded Leather in Pathfinder: Kingmaker.